{"id":2149,"date":"2024-01-25T16:13:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T15:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2149"},"modified":"2024-02-07T12:17:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T11:17:10","slug":"linie-obrony","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/verteidigungslinien\/","title":{"rendered":"Linie obronne XV-XIX w."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-elements-6b64c6fe1b3548d8b5ac4ad033353558\"><strong>Wa\u0142y zabezpieczaj\u0105ce regiony<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-4dd30c\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908\" style=\"width:60px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel.png 96w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:90%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">Wyd\u0142u\u017cony system obronny do zabezpieczania wi\u0119kszych obszar\u00f3w jako twierdza graniczna, twierdza liniowa lub twierdza terytorialna.<br><em>Przyk\u0142adowe zdj\u0119cie ok\u0142adki: La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n(ES)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\"><strong>Fortyfikacje graniczne<\/strong> s\u0105 wyposa\u017cone w r\u00f3\u017cne wzmocnienia strukturalne i systemy obronne, aby utrudnia\u0107 atakuj\u0105cym i broni\u0107 zajmowanego terytorium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper\">Limes rzymski jest uwa\u017cany za model wysoce ufortyfikowanej obrony i linii granicznych mi\u0119dzy wrogimi ludami i religiami. Dzi\u015b ta fascynuj\u0105ca fortyfikacja z licznymi muzeami i stanowiskami archeologicznymi jest wpisana na List\u0119 \u015awiatowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO i stanowi atrakcj\u0119 turystyczn\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\"><strong>Fortyfikacje liniowe<\/strong> zazwyczaj sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z silnych fortyfikacji, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 od siebie oddalone i po\u0142\u0105czone wa\u0142ami, rowami lub murami. Linie obrony s\u0105 rzadko\u015bci\u0105 w przypadku fortyfikacji bastionowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\">Jednym z najciekawszych jest najwi\u0119kszy europejski \u0142a\u0144cuch fortyfikacji g\u00f3rskich wok\u00f3\u0142 <strong>Fenestrelle<\/strong> (W\u0142ochy), kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 zapobiec inwazji starego rywala Francji na W\u0142ochy. Po 22 latach budowy, dwukilometrowy mur na grzbiecie g\u00f3rskim po\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 trzy fortece, tworz\u0105c zwarty \u0142a\u0144cuch od 1750 roku. Region alpejski z jego dolinami i prze\u0142\u0119czami by\u0142 szczeg\u00f3lnie odpowiedni dla fortyfikacji granicznych, stacji celnych i blokad drogowych - tak zwanych Klausen (austriackich).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-a4c497ceca2dd81f0d40fddb490c5810\">Odkryj linie obrony z FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div  class=\"ultp-post-grid-block wp-block-ultimate-post-post-grid-1 ultp-block-8d7834\"><div class=\"ultp-block-wrapper\"><div class=\"ultp-loading\"><div class=\"ultp-loading-blocks\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;\"><div style=\"left: 0;top: 0;animation-delay:0s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.125s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.25s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.875s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.375s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.75s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.625s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.5s;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-items-wrap ultp-block-row ultp-pg1a-style1 ultp-grid1-responsive ultp-block-column-4 1 ultp-xs-column-1 ultp-layout1\"><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-887\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/la-linea-de-la-concepcion-es\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n (ES)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018_La-Linea-de-la-Concepcion1-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/la-linea-de-la-concepcion-es\/\" >La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n (ES)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pagination-block-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"travelersmap-container-69f61fade141e\" class=\"travelersmap-container\" style=\"z-index: 1; min-height: 10px; min-width:10px; height:600px;width:100%; max-width:1280px; max-height:500px; position:relative;\"><div style=\"position:absolute; z-index:-1;top: 50%;text-align: center;display: block;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%);\">Travellers' Map \u0142aduje si\u0119...<br>Je\u015bli zobaczysz to po ca\u0142kowitym za\u0142adowaniu strony, brakuje plik\u00f3w leafletJS.<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size eplus-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/\">Budowa twierdzy od XV do XIX wieku<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"mega-menu-wrap-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu-wrap\"><div class=\"mega-menu-toggle\"><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-left\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-center\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-right\"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-controls=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-label=\"Toggle Menu\" class=\"mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider\" type=\"button\">\n                  <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-box\">\n                    <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-inner\"><\/span>\n                  <\/span>\n                <\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><ul id=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js\" data-event=\"hover_intent\" data-effect=\"fade_up\" data-effect-speed=\"200\" data-effect-mobile=\"disabled\" data-effect-speed-mobile=\"0\" data-mobile-force-width=\"false\" data-second-click=\"go\" data-document-click=\"collapse\" data-vertical-behaviour=\"standard\" data-breakpoint=\"768\" data-unbind=\"true\" data-mobile-state=\"collapse_all\" data-mobile-direction=\"vertical\"><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2026\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2026\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/einzelfestungen\/\">Poszczeg\u00f3lne fortyfikacje<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2025\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2025\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-stadt\/\">Ufortyfikowane miasto<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2024\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2024\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-idealstadt\/\">Ufortyfikowane miasto idealne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2113\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2113\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/zitadellen\/\">Cytadele<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2120\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2120\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-burg\/\">Ufortyfikowany zamek<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2148\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2148\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigtes-schloss\/\">Zapi\u0119ty zamek<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2147\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2147\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/grossfestungen\/\">Du\u017ce fortece<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2154\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2154\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/verteidigungslinien\/\">Linie obronne XV-XIX w.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bollwerke zur Sicherung von Regionen Lang gestreckte Verteidigungsanlage zur Sicherung gr\u00f6\u00dferer R\u00e4ume als Grenzanlage, Linienfestung oder Territorialfestung.Bsp. Titelbild: La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n(ES) Grenzanlagen sind mit verschiedenen baulichen Verst\u00e4rkungen und [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":330,"parent":1963,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2149","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2149"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2149\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}