{"id":2018,"date":"2024-01-24T13:10:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T12:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2018"},"modified":"2026-06-19T13:55:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:55:04","slug":"ufortyfikowane-idealne-miasto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-idealstadt\/","title":{"rendered":"Ufortyfikowane miasto idealne"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-elements-172dd073339d1740fe9bd07d147b5359\"><strong><strong>Per\u0142y architektury fortecznej<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3a88641f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-5f9a16\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"831\" height=\"831\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1910\" style=\"width:60px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel.png 831w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/idealfestung_mittel-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 831px) 100vw, 831px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:90%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Miasto wojskowe zaplanowane przez wojskowych architekt\u00f3w i in\u017cynier\u00f3w absolutystycznych ksi\u0105\u017c\u0105t w okresie renesansu z gwia\u017adzist\u0105 lub szachownicow\u0105 geometri\u0105 ulic i otaczaj\u0105cych je fortyfikacji.<br><em>Przyk\u0142adowe zdj\u0119cie na ok\u0142adce: Ufortyfikowane idealne miasto Terez\u00edn (CZ)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Die Planung und Neuerrichtung von vollst\u00e4ndigen befestigten St\u00e4dten mit streng geometrischem Grundriss geh\u00f6rte zu den au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnlichsten Leistungen von Milit\u00e4rstrategen des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts. Die bereits bei Griechen bekannten und von R\u00f6mern h\u00e4ufig praktizierten regul\u00e4ren \/ idealen Stadtgeometrien wurden mit den neuzeitlichen Bastionssystemen zu hoch effektiven Stadtfestungen entwickelt. Eine der ersten befestigten Idealst\u00e4dte war <a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/sabbioneta-it_de\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1257\">Sabbioneta <\/a>(Italien), erbaut ab 1554.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Ob sternf\u00f6rmig angelegt, wie die Renaissancest\u00e4dte <strong>Palmanova<\/strong> (Italien) und <strong>Neuf Brisach\/ Neu Breisach<\/strong> (Frankreich) oder rechteckig, wie die St\u00e4dte <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/terezin-cz\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1035\">Terezin\/Theresienstadt<\/a><\/strong> lub <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/josefov-cz\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"701\">Josefov\/Josefstadt<\/a><\/strong> (Tschechische Republik), <strong>Zamosc<\/strong> (Polen) oder <strong>La Valetta<\/strong> (Malta), alle folgen den gleichen Regeln: die Kasernen liegen in Randlage, ein gro\u00dfer Platz bildet das Stadtzentrum, an dem sich die zivile und die milit\u00e4rische F\u00fchrung befanden. Die schnurgeraden Stra\u00dfen erm\u00f6glichten es dem Milit\u00e4r, schnell zu den W\u00e4llen zu gelangen. Hohe Geb\u00e4ude oder Kircht\u00fcrme wurden bewusst vermieden, um Feinden keine Orientierungspunkte zu bieten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Idealne miasto-twierdza \u0142\u0105czy\u0142o wojsko ze wszystkimi niezb\u0119dnymi cywilnymi us\u0142ugami i handlem w najbardziej efektywny spos\u00f3b. Proste ulice oddaj\u0105 harmoni\u0119 ca\u0142ej struktury. Uderzaj\u0105ce osie wizualne, stylowe sylwetki i cz\u0119sto dobrze zachowane systemy obronne s\u0105 do dzi\u015b imponuj\u0105cym dzie\u0142em sztuki. Te cudownie r\u00f3wne kompleksy z ich niezwyk\u0142ym krajobrazem miejskim s\u0105 dzi\u015b dos\u0142ownie \"gwiazdami\" architektury fortecznej. Wiele z nich zosta\u0142o wpisanych na List\u0119 \u015awiatowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-a2bd72b830bbf251c8361b8644fbbabc\">Odkryj ufortyfikowane miasta idealne z FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div  class=\"ultp-post-grid-block wp-block-ultimate-post-post-grid-1 ultp-block-1f099b\"><div class=\"ultp-block-wrapper\"><div class=\"ultp-loading\"><div class=\"ultp-loading-blocks\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;\"><div style=\"left: 0;top: 0;animation-delay:0s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.125s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.25s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.875s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.375s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.75s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.625s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.5s;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-items-wrap ultp-block-row ultp-pg1a-style1 ultp-grid1-responsive ultp-block-column-4 1 ultp-xs-column-1 ultp-layout1\"><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-5454\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/fredericia-dk\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Blick auf eine gr\u00fcbe Bastion der befestigten Idealstadt Fredericia\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fredericia_\u00a9JakobVingtoft-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/fredericia-dk\/\" >Fredericia (DK)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-3326\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/daugavpils-lv\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Daugavpils (LV)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DC_Daugavpils.Travel_240530_1-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/daugavpils-lv\/\" >Daugavpils (LV)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-1257\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/sabbioneta-it_de\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Sabbioneta (IT)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pagina_Natura_e_territorio-thumbnail-2000x1200-100-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/sabbioneta-it_de\/\" >Sabbioneta (IT)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-1035\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/terezin-cz\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Terez\u00edn (CZ)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Terezin-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/terezin-cz\/\" >Terez\u00edn (CZ)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-701\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/josefov-cz\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Josefov (CZ)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Jaromer_Josefov-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/josefov-cz\/\" >Josefov (CZ)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-587\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/doemitz-de\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"D\u00f6mitz (DE)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/doemitz-3-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/doemitz-de\/\" >D\u00f6mitz (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pagination-block-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"travelersmap-container-6a38a9dddd151\" class=\"travelersmap-container\" style=\"z-index: 1; min-height: 10px; min-width:10px; height:600px;width:100%; max-width:1280px; max-height:500px; position:relative;\"><div style=\"position:absolute; z-index:-1;top: 50%;text-align: center;display: block;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%);\">Travellers' Map \u0142aduje si\u0119...<br>Je\u015bli zobaczysz to po ca\u0142kowitym za\u0142adowaniu strony, brakuje plik\u00f3w leafletJS.<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/\">Budowa twierdzy od XV do XIX wieku<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"mega-menu-wrap-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu-wrap\"><div class=\"mega-menu-toggle\"><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-left\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-center\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-right\"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-controls=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-label=\"Toggle Menu\" class=\"mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider\" type=\"button\">\n                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aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perlen der Festungsbaukunst Von Milit\u00e4rarchitekten und -ingenieuren absolutistischer F\u00fcrsten in der Renaissance geplante Milit\u00e4rstadt mit sternf\u00f6rmiger oder schachbrettartiger Geometrie der Stra\u00dfen und der umgebenden Festungsbauwerke.Bsp. Titelbild: Befestigte Idealstadt Theresienstadt, Terez\u00edn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1036,"parent":1963,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2018","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2018"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5469,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2018\/revisions\/5469"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}