{"id":2149,"date":"2024-01-25T16:13:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T15:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2149"},"modified":"2024-02-07T12:17:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T11:17:10","slug":"lignes-de-defense-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/verteidigungslinien\/","title":{"rendered":"Lignes de d\u00e9fense 15e-19e s."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-elements-6b64c6fe1b3548d8b5ac4ad033353558\"><strong>Des remparts pour s\u00e9curiser les r\u00e9gions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-4dd30c\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908\" style=\"width:60px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel.png 96w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/grenzlinien_mittel-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:90%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">Les longues fortifications d\u00e9fensives utilis\u00e9es pour s\u00e9curiser des zones plus vastes, comme les fortifications de fronti\u00e8re, les fortifications de lignes ou les fortifications territoriales.<br><em>Ex. photo de couverture : La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n(ES)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\">Les ouvrages frontaliers sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s de divers renforts structurels et de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9fensifs pour faire obstacle aux attaquants et d\u00e9fendre le territoire revendiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper\">Le Limes romain, mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9fense hautement fortifi\u00e9, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une fronti\u00e8re entre peuples et religions hostiles. Aujourd'hui, ce fascinant ouvrage fortifi\u00e9, avec ses nombreux mus\u00e9es et sites arch\u00e9ologiques, est class\u00e9e au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO et constitue une attraction touristique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\">Les lignes de d\u00e9fense consistent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en de puissantes constructions tr\u00e8s espac\u00e9es reli\u00e9es par des remparts, des foss\u00e9s ou des murailles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper translation-block\">Les lignes de d\u00e9fense sont rares dans les fortifications de type bastion. L'une des plus int\u00e9ressantes est la plus grande cha\u00eene de murailles d'Europe autour de Fenestrelle (Italie), a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour emp\u00eacher la France, vieille rivale, d'envahir l'Italie. Apr\u00e8s 22 ans de construction, le mur de deux kilom\u00e8tres de long, sur la cr\u00eate de la montagne, relie trois fortifications en une cha\u00eene compacte depuis 1750. La r\u00e9gion alpine, avec ses vall\u00e9es et ses cols, se pr\u00eatait particuli\u00e8rement bien \u00e0 la construction de fortifications frontali\u00e8res, de postes de douane et de barrages routiers, appel\u00e9s Klausen (autrichiens).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-a4c497ceca2dd81f0d40fddb490c5810\">D\u00e9couvrir les lignes de d\u00e9fense avec FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div  class=\"ultp-post-grid-block wp-block-ultimate-post-post-grid-1 ultp-block-8d7834\"><div class=\"ultp-block-wrapper\"><div class=\"ultp-loading\"><div class=\"ultp-loading-blocks\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;\"><div style=\"left: 0;top: 0;animation-delay:0s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.125s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.25s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.875s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.375s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.75s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.625s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.5s;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-items-wrap ultp-block-row ultp-pg1a-style1 ultp-grid1-responsive ultp-block-column-4 1 ultp-xs-column-1 ultp-layout1\"><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-887\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/la-linea-de-la-concepcion-es\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n (ES)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018_La-Linea-de-la-Concepcion1-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/la-linea-de-la-concepcion-es\/\" >La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n (ES)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pagination-block-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"travelersmap-container-69f7770d5fbd5\" class=\"travelersmap-container\" style=\"z-index: 1; min-height: 10px; min-width:10px; height:600px;width:100%; max-width:1280px; max-height:500px; position:relative;\"><div style=\"position:absolute; z-index:-1;top: 50%;text-align: center;display: block;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%);\">La carte des voyageurs est en cours de chargement...<br>Si vous constatez cela apr\u00e8s le chargement complet de votre page, les fichiers leafletJS sont manquants.<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size eplus-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/\">Construction de forteresses du 15e au 19e si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"mega-menu-wrap-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu-wrap\"><div class=\"mega-menu-toggle\"><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-left\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-center\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-right\"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-controls=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-label=\"Toggle Menu\" class=\"mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider\" type=\"button\">\n                  <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-box\">\n                    <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-inner\"><\/span>\n                  <\/span>\n                <\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><ul id=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js\" data-event=\"hover_intent\" data-effect=\"fade_up\" data-effect-speed=\"200\" data-effect-mobile=\"disabled\" data-effect-speed-mobile=\"0\" data-mobile-force-width=\"false\" data-second-click=\"go\" data-document-click=\"collapse\" data-vertical-behaviour=\"standard\" data-breakpoint=\"768\" data-unbind=\"true\" data-mobile-state=\"collapse_all\" data-mobile-direction=\"vertical\"><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2026\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2026\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/einzelfestungen\/\">Fortification Individuelle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2025\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2025\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-stadt\/\">La ville fortifi\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2024\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2024\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-idealstadt\/\">La ville id\u00e9ale fortifi\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2113\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2113\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/zitadellen\/\">Citadelles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2120\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2120\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-burg\/\">Les ch\u00e2teaux fortifi\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2148\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2148\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigtes-schloss\/\">Le palais fortifi\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2147\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2147\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/grossfestungen\/\">Forteresse Grande<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-2154\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2154\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/verteidigungslinien\/\">Lignes de d\u00e9fense 15e-19e s.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bollwerke zur Sicherung von Regionen Lang gestreckte Verteidigungsanlage zur Sicherung gr\u00f6\u00dferer R\u00e4ume als Grenzanlage, Linienfestung oder Territorialfestung.Bsp. Titelbild: La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n(ES) Grenzanlagen sind mit verschiedenen baulichen Verst\u00e4rkungen und [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":330,"parent":1963,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2149","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2149"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2149\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}