{"id":2110,"date":"2024-01-25T14:33:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T13:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2110"},"modified":"2024-01-25T14:50:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T13:50:30","slug":"ciudadelas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/zitadellen\/","title":{"rendered":"Ciudadelas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-elements-1\"><strong><strong>Perlas de la arquitectura de fortalezas<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3a88641f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-91fae2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"388\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1906\" style=\"width:60px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel.png 388w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/citadel_mittel-200x200.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:90%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Independiente, generalmente geom\u00e9trico, con 4 o 5 bastiones, parte particularmente desarrollada de una ciudad fortificada; \u00faltimo refugio para los defensores.<br><em>Ejemplo de foto de portada: Ciudadela de D\u00f6mitz (DE)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">La ciudadela (ital. citadella \u201epeque\u00f1a ciudad\u201c) era una \u201eisla\u201c fortificada dentro de una fortificaci\u00f3n y formaba otro baluarte defensivo. Estaba concebida para el estacionamiento de los militares y su finalidad era garantizar la defensa de las tropas durante un largo periodo de tiempo. Las ciudadelas se dispon\u00edan en forma de cuadrado o pent\u00e1gono, estaban dotadas de bastiones en las esquinas y sol\u00edan construirse como refuerzos adicionales all\u00ed donde se tem\u00eda el peso principal de un ataque o se hab\u00eda reconocido el punto d\u00e9bil de una fortaleza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Ejemplos impresionantes son <strong>Alessandria<\/strong> y <strong>Parma<\/strong> en el norte de Italia o <strong>D\u00f6mitz, Ulm, Mainz, Wesel, J\u00fclich, Berl\u00edn-Spandau<\/strong> en Alemania. Roma (la <strong>Engelsburg<\/strong>), <strong>Jaca<\/strong> o <strong>Pamplona<\/strong> en Espa\u00f1a, <strong>Bayona<\/strong>, <strong>Lille<\/strong> o <strong>Besancon<\/strong> en Francia, <strong>Copenhague<\/strong> en Dinamarca, <strong>Diest<\/strong> en B\u00e9lgica tambi\u00e9n cuentan con fascinantes ciudadelas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Los gobernantes absolutistas tambi\u00e9n utilizaban las ciudadelas como \u201ecastillo forzoso\u201c. Se utilizaban para presionar a las ciudades consideradas pol\u00edticamente poco fiables y para sofocar levantamientos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">El clero tambi\u00e9n contribuy\u00f3 significativamente a la construcci\u00f3n de la fortaleza. Por ejemplo, los <strong>Obispos de Maguncia<\/strong> construyeron su <strong>Ciudadela de Maguncia<\/strong> como residencia, al igual que la <strong>Ciudadela de Petersberg<\/strong> en Erfurt (Alemania).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-2\">Descubra las ciudadelas de Europa con FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div  class=\"ultp-post-grid-block wp-block-ultimate-post-post-grid-1 ultp-block-3b621a\"><div class=\"ultp-block-wrapper\" ><div class=\"ultp-loading\"><div class=\"ultp-loading-blocks\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;\"><div style=\"left: 0;top: 0;animation-delay:0s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.125s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 0;animation-delay:0.25s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.875s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 21px;animation-delay:0.375s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 0;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.75s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 42px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.625s;\"><\/div><div style=\"left: 21px;top: 42px;animation-delay:0.5s;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-items-wrap ultp-block-row ultp-pg1a-style1 ultp-grid1-responsive ultp-block-column-4 1 ultp-xs-column-1 ultp-layout1\"><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-4080\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/alessandria-it\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Alessandria (IT)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NV9Yvj5ozW7l-1-1a-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/alessandria-it\/\" >Alessandria (IT)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-3474\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/belfort-fr\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Belfort (FR)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Belfort-Lion_\u00a9D.Roeder_1-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/belfort-fr\/\" >Belfort (FR)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-1042\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/ulm-de\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Ulm (DE)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wilhelmsburg-Ulm-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/ulm-de\/\" >Ulm (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-947\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/prag-cz\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Fortaleza de Vy\u0161ehrad, Praga (CZ)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Prag-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/prag-cz\/\" >Praga Vy\u0161ehrad (CZ)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-909\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/mainz-de\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"Ciudadela de Maguncia (DE) Foto mainzplus\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mainz_Foto-mainzplus-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/mainz-de\/\" >Maguncia (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-item post-id-587\"><div class=\"ultp-block-content-wrap\"><div class=\"ultp-block-image ultp-block-image-opacity\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/doemitz-de\/\" ><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"ultp-block-image-content\"  alt=\"D\u00f6mitz (DE)\"  src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/doemitz-3-870x570.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-content\"><h3 class=\"ultp-block-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/doemitz-de\/\" >D\u00f6mitz (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pagination-block-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-custom-farbe-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-farbe-1-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n<div id=\"travelersmap-container-6aef323082bb7\" class=\"travelersmap-container\" style=\"z-index: 1; min-height: 10px; min-width:10px; height:600px;width:100%; max-width:1280px; max-height:500px; position:relative;\"><div style=\"position:absolute; z-index:-1;top: 50%;text-align: center;display: block;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%);\">Mapa del viajero est\u00e1 cargando...<br>Si ves esto despu\u00e9s de que tu p\u00e1gina se haya cargado completamente, es que faltan archivos leafletJS.<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/kulturerbe-festungsmonumente\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/\">Construcci\u00f3n de fortalezas entre los siglos XV y XIX<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"mega-menu-wrap-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu-wrap\"><div class=\"mega-menu-toggle\"><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-left\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-center\"><\/div><div class=\"mega-toggle-blocks-right\"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-controls=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-label=\"Men\u00fa alternativo\" class=\"mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider\" type=\"button\">\n                  <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-box\">\n                    <span class=\"mega-toggle-animated-inner\"><\/span>\n                  <\/span>\n                <\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><ul id=\"mega-menu-max_mega_menu_2\" class=\"mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js\" data-event=\"hover_intent\" data-effect=\"fade_up\" data-effect-speed=\"200\" data-effect-mobile=\"disabled\" data-effect-speed-mobile=\"0\" data-mobile-force-width=\"false\" data-second-click=\"go\" data-document-click=\"collapse\" data-vertical-behaviour=\"standard\" data-breakpoint=\"768\" data-unbind=\"true\" data-mobile-state=\"collapse_all\" data-mobile-direction=\"vertical\"><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2026\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2026\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/einzelfestungen\/\">Fortificaciones individuales<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2025\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2025\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-stadt\/\">Ciudad fortificada<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2024\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2024\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-idealstadt\/\">Ciudad ideal fortificada<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2113\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2113\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/zitadellen\/\">Ciudadelas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2120\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2120\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-burg\/\">Castillo fortificado<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2148\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2148\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigtes-schloss\/\">Cerradura abrochada<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2147\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2147\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/grossfestungen\/\">Grandes fortalezas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2154\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2154\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/verteidigungslinien\/\">L\u00edneas de defensa de los siglos XV-XIX.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perlen der Festungsbaukunst Selbst\u00e4ndiger, meist geometrisch, mit 4 oder 5 Bastionen besonders stark ausgebauter Teil einer Festungsstadt; letzte R\u00fcckzugsm\u00f6glichkeit f\u00fcr Verteidiger.Bsp. Titelbild: Zitadelle D\u00f6mitz (DE) Die Zitadelle (ital. Citadella \u201ekleine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":193,"parent":1963,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2110","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2110\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}