{"id":4611,"date":"2025-12-20T11:36:15","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T10:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?p=4611"},"modified":"2025-12-30T12:42:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T11:42:43","slug":"in-the-footsteps-of-the-siege-of-kaiserswerth-during-the-war-of-the-spanish-succession","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/auf-den-spuren-der-belagerung-kaiserswerth-im-spanischen-erbfolgekrieg\/","title":{"rendered":"In the footsteps of the siege: Kaiserswerth in the War of the Spanish Succession"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8ad9b541 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-329b40\" style=\"padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-5a8a3e37 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:0;flex-basis:66.66%\"><p class=\"eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-e7c803 wp-block-paragraph\"><em>FORTE CULTURA Guided tour: Kaiserswerth (Germany) with Martin Kl\u00f6ffer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Historical tours of the fortress, town and memorial sites \u2013 experiencing war first-hand between 1702 and today<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine that a war breaks out right on your doorstep. Not a pleasant thought, but that is exactly what happened in Kaiserswerth in April 1702 at the start of the War of the Spanish Succession. Allied troops laid siege to the French-occupied fortress and captured it after two months. All but three houses in the town were completely destroyed and the fortifications were subsequently demolished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">The siege in April\u2013June 1702 was the first operation by the allied imperial troops and the Dutch in the War of the Spanish Succession against the Electorate of Cologne, which was allied with France. The attack lasted 59 days, and the assault on the moat on 9 June resulted in heavy losses. However, the days of the fortress were numbered, and it surrendered on 15 June on very favourable terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">During the guided tour of the historic old town, you will learn about the history of the city, the fortress and the imperial palace, as well as the background to the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714). The construction of the fortress is explained using models and plans, and you will be guided to the most important relics and memorial sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">The tour highlights the architectural and engineering aspects of the siege: you can still locate the vanished siege works on the site today. Learn how a design flaw in the drainage of the trenches weakened the besiegers' resistance. Understand the role played by the water level. See the spot in the masonry where the breach was made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Three suggested tours introduce visitors to the relics and memorial sites of Kaiserswerth Fortress and its sieges. These are:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-88cbfd\">\n<li class=\"eplus-wrapper\">the historic old town of Kaiserswerth (approx. 2-2.5 hours, on foot, barrier-free except for one staircase)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"eplus-wrapper\">the besiegers' headquarters (3-4 hours, by bicycle or car)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" class=\"eplus-wrapper\">the outer works (approx. 2 hours, level ground, some gentle slopes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3a88641f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-319c74\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-gradient-1-gradient-background has-background eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<p class=\"eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Your tour guide<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-1024x767.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-1024x767.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-1536x1151.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/w1900_h1424_x1008_y756_IMG_2155-366df1400288b03f.jpeg 1900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Martin Kl\u00f6ffler has been researching technical aspects of military history from the 18th century to the mid-19th century since 1980. He has written around 100 essays on fortification research, sieges, field fortifications,\u00a0 staff organisation, war games, uniform studies, cartography, artillery, field fortifications, surveying history and museum education. Martin Kl\u00f6ffler is also a collector of historical surveying instruments and military history literature on engineering from around 1700 to 1850.  He has published four books to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Another area of expertise is the reconstruction and communication of technological history and the re-enactment of everyday life in the past with the help of living history. He has also provided items on loan for exhibitions and designed and equipped an exhibition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">His mission is to introduce guests to an exciting part of history that has remained unknown until now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\">Further guided tours of D\u00fcsseldorf Fortress and classical D\u00fcsseldorf are in preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0\">Web links:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\" class=\"wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-a63d12\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">IGHA \u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/IGhistorischerAlltag\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/IGhistorischerAlltag\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">General Staff \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PreussischerStab1813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PreussischerStab1813<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">Engineering geographer \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ingenieurgeograph.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ingenieurgeograph.de\/<\/a> (as of 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">Facebook <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/martin.kloffler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/martin.kloffler<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper\">academia <a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/MartinKl%C3%B6ffler%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/MartinKl%C3%B6ffler <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-base-2-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-7537b0be wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-columns has-custom-verlauf-1-gradient-background has-background eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4aaf183a wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-1c1181\" style=\"border-radius:5px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1780\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-scaled.jpg 1780w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-768x1105.jpg 768w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-1068x1536.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-1424x2048.jpg 1424w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/20240525_141728_Figur-Kopie-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1780px) 100vw, 1780px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-custom-farbe-1-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-ea1321695b09d5e186995649871495b7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dr Martin Kl\u00f6ffler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-heading-font-family eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.042), 0.9em);line-height:1.3\">Tour guide with <br>FORTE CULTURA certificate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.042), 0.9rem);\">Languages: German, English, French<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Notes on the guided tour<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duration<\/strong>: approx. 2.5 hours<br><strong>Price for guided tours with 4-15 people<\/strong>: <br>\u20ac60.00 per hour (costumed tour for private groups \u20ac80.00 per hour)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\">The tour of the outer works can be booked as an extension of the Kaiserswerth Old Town tour. A flexible offer will be provided for the tour of the headquarters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.4\">The tours can be booked by arrangement in dry weather, preferably during the summer months on public holidays, Saturdays and Sundays. <strong>Guests are requested to wear sturdy shoes and bring weatherproof clothing if necessary. <\/strong>The gastronomic offerings in the old town are diverse.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons eplus-wrapper is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-541848da wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-f5efd0\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-e72c4d\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"mailto:%20M_K_Kloeffler@t-online.de\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">Enquiries and bookings<br>(e-mail)<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.042), 0.9em);\"><strong>Meeting point<\/strong>: <br><strong>At the city model on Klemensplatz or by arrangement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.042), 0.9em);\">The legal entity responsible for the offer described and solely liable for its content is the organiser: Dr. Martin Kl\u00f6ffler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>For reading<\/strong><br><em>KL\u00d6FFLER, Martin: Totally ruined \u2013 The siege of Kaiserswerth in 1702; Materials for fortress research, Hamburg: BOD (Books on Demand GmbH), 2025, 93 pages, ISBN 9783695199983, price \u20ac24<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00dcREN, Guido von; KUPKA, Andreas (eds.): Fortresses in North Rhine-Westphalia; German Fortresses, Volume 6, Regensburg: Schnell- und Steiner-Verlag, 2025<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size eplus-wrapper wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Wikipedia, Siege of Kaiserswerth (1702), <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belagerung_von_Kaiserswerth_(1702)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belagerung_von_Kaiserswerth_(1702)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide has-text-color has-accent-2-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-accent-2-background-color has-background eplus-wrapper\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center has-custom-farbe-1-gradient-background has-background eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-904de7ac wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-425077\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized eplus-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"977\" src=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-1024x977.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-439\" style=\"width:97px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-1024x977.png 1024w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-300x286.png 300w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-768x733.png 768w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-1536x1465.png 1536w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-2048x1954.png 2048w, https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FoCu-Logo_weiss-transparent-200x191.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-2-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-c7a136277b4098ae69d233b754346270 wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Martin Kl\u00f6ffler is a tour guide with FORTE CULTURA certification.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FORTE CULTURA Guided tour: Kaiserswerth (Germany) with Martin Kl\u00f6ffer; historical tours of the fortress, town and memorial sites \u2013 experiencing war first-hand between 1702 and today<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[525,15,479],"class_list":["post-4611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guided-tours","tag-kaiserswerth","tag-kostuemfuehrung","tag-stadt-und-festungsfuehrung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4611\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}