{"id":2128,"date":"2024-01-25T15:20:33","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T14:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2128"},"modified":"2026-01-15T14:05:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T13:05:23","slug":"velke-pevnosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/cs\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/grossfestungen\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e9 pevnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rozlehl\u00e1 opevn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
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Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnost s prstencovit\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem p\u0159edsunut\u00fdch pevnostn\u00edch objekt\u016f, jako jsou fortov\u00e9 a d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 baterie, k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bst a zbran\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00edst.
P\u0159\u00edkl. Tituln\u00ed obr\u00e1zek: Pevnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Srebrna G\u00f3ra, Srebrna G\u00f3ra (PL)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Napoleonsk\u00e9 \u201ecvalov\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159electvo\u201c obch\u00e1zelo koncem 18. stolet\u00ed jednodu\u0161e mnoh\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 pevnosti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je \u010dinilo ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi. V\u016f\u010di vysok\u00e9 mobilit\u011b a nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edmu dost\u0159elu jeho d\u011bl byli v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 obr\u00e1nci ve sv\u00fdch osam\u011bl\u00fdch bastionech v nev\u00fdhod\u011b. Proti tomu m\u011bla p\u016fsobit nov\u00e1 generace pevnostn\u00edho stavitelstv\u00ed: syst\u00e9m velk\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed pro obranu strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch krajin a velk\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kruhov\u011b kolem centra m\u011bsta, ve vzd\u00e1lenosti a\u017e 5 kilometr\u016f, bylo vybudov\u00e1no z\u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bkolik prstenc\u016f pevnost\u00ed s d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdmi postaven\u00edmi a mezip\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi objekty, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly nep\u0159\u00edtele dr\u017eet v \u0161achu. Vzhledem k neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00edmu dost\u0159elu d\u011bl le\u017eely n\u011bkter\u00e9 pevnosti a\u017e 15 kilometr\u016f od vnit\u0159n\u00edch m\u011bst. Chr\u00e1nily d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 silnice, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u011b a oblasti os\u00eddlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zejm\u00e9na Prusko takov\u00e1 pevnostn\u00ed d\u00edla praktikovalo na v\u00fdchod\u011b proti rusk\u00e9mu sousedu, zat\u00edmco Rusko takto opevnilo tehdej\u0161\u00ed Polsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed proti Prusku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed stopy t\u011bchto gigantick\u00fdch staveb jsou dodnes patrn\u00e9 v mnoha m\u011bstech st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy i mimo ni. Pozna\u0148, Toru\u0148, Krakov nebo Przemy\u015bl (Polsko), Ulm, Koblenc, Mohu\u010d <\/strong>nebo Magdeburg (N\u011bmecko), Kom\u00e1rno\/Kom\u00e1rno<\/strong> oboustrann\u011b Dunaje (Slovensko\/Ma\u010farsko), \u0158\u00edm, Janov (It\u00e1lie), Kaunas (Litva), Antverpy (Belgie) nebo Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e (Francie) plat\u00ed za slavn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele tohoto typu pevnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habsbursk\u00e1 monarchie vybudovala \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk pevnost\u00ed Verona \u2013 Peschiera del Garda \u2013 Mantova \u2013 Legnago<\/strong> v jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch pevnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v Evrop\u011b, aby si udr\u017eela okupovan\u00e1 severoitalsk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, co\u017e je dosud pom\u011brn\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 turistick\u00e1 oblast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Objevte pevnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my velk\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed s FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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\"Gi\u017cycko<\/a><\/div>

Gi\u017cycko (PL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Ingolstadt<\/a><\/div>

Ingolstadt (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Koblenc<\/a><\/div>

Koblenc (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Kostrzyn<\/a><\/div>

Kostrzyn nad Odr\u0105 (PL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Citadela<\/a><\/div>

Mainz (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Vojensko-historick\u00e9<\/a><\/div>

Rastatt (N\u011bmecko)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"\u0160ibenik<\/a><\/div>

\u0160ibenik (HR)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Srebrna<\/a><\/div>

Srebrna G\u00f3ra (PL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Torgau\"<\/a><\/div>

Torgau<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Ulm<\/a><\/div>

Ulm (N\u011bmecko)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Pevnost<\/a><\/div>

Kyjev<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Belfort<\/a><\/div>

Belfort (FR)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Pevnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/div>

Avrieux a Aussois (FR)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Pohled<\/a><\/div>

Gibraltar (GI)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Objevte pevnosti s FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n
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Pevnosti jsou \u010dasto sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f velk\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed. Jsou to samy o sob\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 pevnosti s ob\u010das \u00factyhodn\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry, nap\u0159. Fort Monostor<\/strong> v Kom\u00e1rn\u011b (HU) jako sou\u010d\u00e1st pevnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Kom\u00e1rno\/Kom\u00e1rom (SI\/HU) po obou b\u0159ez\u00edch Dunaje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"Gorgast<\/a><\/div>

Gorgast (DE)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Kom\u00e1rno<\/a><\/div>

Kom\u00e1rno (HU)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Nisa<\/a><\/div>

Nisa (PL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Stavba pevnost\u00ed od 15. do 19. stolet\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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