{"id":2018,"date":"2024-01-24T13:10:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T12:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/?page_id=2018"},"modified":"2026-06-19T13:55:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:55:04","slug":"opevnene-idealni-mesto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forte-cultura.com\/cs\/evolution-des-festungsbaus-von-bastionen-zu-bunkern\/geschichte-des-festungsbaus\/festungsbau-vom-15-19-jahrhundert\/befestigte-idealstadt\/","title":{"rendered":"pevn\u00e9 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsto"},"content":{"rendered":"

Perly fortifika\u010dn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
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Vojensk\u00e9 m\u011bsto napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 vojensk\u00fdmi architekty a in\u017een\u00fdry absolutistick\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f za renesance, s hv\u011bzdicovitou nebo \u0161achovnicovou geometri\u00ed ulic a okoln\u00edch pevnostn\u00edch staveb.
P\u0159. tituln\u00edho obr\u00e1zku: Pevnostn\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsto Terez\u00edn, Terez\u00edn (CZ)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a nov\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba kompletn\u00edch opevn\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bst s p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b geometrick\u00fdm p\u016fdorysem pat\u0159ila k nejneoby\u010dejn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkon\u016fm vojensk\u00fdch strat\u00e9g\u016f 16. a\u017e 18. stolet\u00ed. Pravideln\u00e9 \/ ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 geometrie, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u0158ek\u016fm a \u010dasto praktikovan\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmany, byly ve spojen\u00ed s novov\u011bk\u00fdmi bastionov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my rozvinuty ve vysoce efektivn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pevnosti. Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch opevn\u011bn\u00fdch ide\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bst byla Sabbioneta <\/a>(italsky), postaveno od roku 1554.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0165 u\u017e m\u00e1 hv\u011bzdicovit\u00fd p\u016fdorys jako renesan\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsta Palmanova<\/strong> (italsky) a Neuf-Brisach \/ Neu-Breisach<\/strong> (Francie) nebo obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9, jako m\u011bsta Terez\u00edn<\/a><\/strong> nebo Josefov<\/a><\/strong> (\u010cesk\u00e1 republika), Zamo\u015b\u0107<\/strong> (Polsko) nebo Valletta<\/strong> (Malta), v\u0161ichni se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi pravidly: kas\u00e1rna le\u017e\u00ed na okraji, velk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed centrum m\u011bsta, kde se nach\u00e1zelo civiln\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed. Rovn\u00e9 ulice jako podle prav\u00edtka umo\u017e\u0148ovaly vojsku rychle se dostat k hradb\u00e1m. Vysok\u00e9 budovy nebo v\u011b\u017ee kostel\u016f byly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vynech\u00e1ny, aby nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm neposkytovaly orienta\u010dn\u00ed body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnostn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem spojovalo arm\u00e1du se v\u0161emi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi civiln\u00edmi \u0159emesly a slu\u017ebami. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 ulice jako podle \u0161\u0148\u016frky zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed harmonii celkov\u00e9 struktury. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pohledov\u00e9 osy, stylov\u00e9 siluety a \u010dasto dob\u0159e zachoval\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 stavby p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dodnes p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Tato n\u00e1dhern\u011b pravideln\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s nev\u0161edn\u00edm r\u00e1zem m\u011bsta jsou dnes doslova \u201ehv\u011bzdami\u201c pevnostn\u00ed architektury. Mnoh\u00e1 z nich pat\u0159\u00ed na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Objevte ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsta opevn\u011bn\u00e1 s\u00edt\u00ed FORTE CULTURA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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\"Naarden<\/a><\/div>

Naarden (NL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Leteck\u00fd<\/a><\/div>

Willemstad (NL)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Pohled<\/a><\/div>

Fredericia (DK)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Daugavpils<\/a><\/div>

Daugavpils (LV)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Sabbioneta<\/a><\/div>

Sabbioneta (IT)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Terez\u00edn\"<\/a><\/div>

Terez\u00edn<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"Josefov\"<\/a><\/div>

Josefov<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"D\u00f6mitz<\/a><\/div>

D\u00f6mitz (N\u011bmecko)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se mapa pro cestovatele...
Pokud se v\u00e1m toto zobraz\u00ed a\u017e po \u00fapln\u00e9m na\u010dten\u00ed str\u00e1nky, chyb\u00ed soubory LeafletJS.<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Stavba pevnost\u00ed od 15. do 19. stolet\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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